水热碳材料在分离分析中的应用研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2019.08026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水热碳材料是一种由糖类或含碳有机物经过水热反应制备的新型功能材料,具有来源丰富、绿色环保、亲水性、易修饰等优点,已广泛应用于催化剂载体、能源电极材料、环境吸附剂等方面。其中,水热碳在吸附领域的应用显示出其与特定分子的相互作用,近年来,水热碳材料作为分离富集固相基质,在色谱固定相以及生物样品处理领域逐渐得到应用。该文主要综述了水热碳材料在离子化合物、极性化合物、磷酸化肽段和糖基化肽段分离分析等方面的最新应用,讨论了水热碳材料在实际分离分析应用中的优点和局限性,并就水热碳材料在该领域的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 水热碳, 分离, 色谱固定相, 富集, 磷酸化肽, 糖基化肽, 综述

Abstract:

Hydrothermal carbon materials are new functional materials prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of sugars or carbonaceous organic compounds. They have many advantages such as abundant resources of raw materials, environmental-friendliness, hydrophilicity, and easy of modify and so on. These carbon materials have been widely used as catalyst carriers, energy electrode materials, environmental adsorbents, etc. Among these, the application of hydrothermal carbon materials as absorbents reveals their ability to show strong interactions with specific molecules. In recent years, the application of these materials has been gradually extended to the field of chromatography, as stationary phases for solid-phase separation as well as for the enrichment of complex biological samples. In this paper, the recent applications of hydrothermal carbon materials for the analysis of ionic compounds, polar compounds, phosphorylated peptides, and glycopeptides are presented. Finally, the future scope of these materials in separation and enrichment is also discussed.

Key words: hydrothermal carbon, separation, chromatographic stationary phase, enrichment, phosphorylated peptides, glycopeptides, review

中图分类号:

O658

赵兴云, 张红燕, 牛欢, 吴仁安. 水热碳材料在分离分析中的应用研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2020, 38(4): 383-391.

ZHAO Xingyun, ZHANG Hongyan, NIU Huan, WU Ren’an. Research progress in hydrothermal carbon materials for separation and analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2020, 38(4): 383-391.

图/表 6

图1 葡萄糖衍生水热碳球的生长模型机理图[3]

Fig. 1 Schematic growth model for carbon spheres derived from glucose[3] First, glucose is decomposed into small molecules, and then the hydrothermal carbon materials with a carbonized core and a hydrophilic surface are formed by polymerization.

表1 水热碳材料的制备及应用

Table 1 Preparations and applications of hydrothermal carbon materials

Raw material	Synthesis condition	Structure characteristics	Application	Reference
Glucose	160-180 ℃, 4-20 h	200-1500 nm; C=O, OH	encapsulate nanoparticles	[3]
Fructose	120-140 ℃, 0.5-2 h	200-400 nm; containing C=C, C=O, OH	energy storage	[4]
Starch	200 ℃, 12 or 48 h; add Fe₂O₃	2-5 μm; carbon hollow spheres and	carbon fuel cell	[9]
	and Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂	nanotubes
Cellulose	200-250 ℃, 2 or 4 h	2-10 μm; oxygen-containing groups	catalyst	[7]
Cyclodextrin	180 ℃, 24 h; add F127	0.1-1 μm; hollow mesopore	lithium ion battery	[41]
Sucrose	190 ℃, 5 h; KOH activation	100-150 nm; high BET surface area	supercapacitor	[35]
Glucose	180-200 ℃; add sodium polyacrylate	600-900 nm; monodispersed	catalyst support	[5]
Glucose	150 ℃, 10 h; add NH₃	2-3 μm; amino groups	water purification	[20]
Glucose	190 ℃, 16 h; add sodium polyacrylate	250-500 nm; carboxyl groups	adsorption of heavy metals	[18]
Glucose	180 ℃, 24 h; add 4-aminoacetophenone	0.1-1 μm; oxime groups	adsorption of uranyl ions	[40]
Sucrose	180-250 ℃; add sodium polyacrylate	1-5 μm; monodispersed	ion separation	[42]
Cyclodextrin	170 ℃, 24 h	5 μm; hydrophilic carbon shell	polar compounds separation	[43]
Glucose	180 ℃, 6 h; add VPA, Ti(SO₄)₂	1-8 μm; phosphate group, Ti-IMAC	phosphopeptides enrichment	[44]
Glucose	180 ℃, 6 h; add MSA, MPC	200-1000 nm; MSA, MPC group	glycopeptides enrichment	[45]

图2 表面季铵化基团修饰的蔗糖水热碳球应用于离子色谱固定相[47]

Fig. 2 Surface quaternized ammonium modified hydrothermal carbon spheres from sucrose for ion chromatography stationary phase[47] Elute: 0.01 mol/L KOH; flow rate: 1 mL/min. CNS: carbonaceous nanospheres; QAP: quaternary ammonium polyelectrolytes.

图3 环糊精水热碳修饰硅胶固定相的合成示意图[43]

Fig. 3 Synthesis of hydrothermal carbon from cyclodextrin modified silica stationary phase[43]

图4 表面磷酸基团修饰的葡萄糖水热碳材料的制备流程及人血清磷酸化肽在Ti-IMAC碳材料(a)富集前和(b)富集后的质谱图[44]

Fig. 4 Schematic approach for preparation of phosphate-rich carbonaceous spheres by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose and MALDI-TOF MS spectra of phosphopeptides in human serum (a) before and (b) after Ti-IMAC carbon material enrichment[44]HTC: hydrothermal carbon; * denotes phosphopeptides.

图5 一步法合成两性离子单体修饰水热碳HTC-Glc-x% MPC或HTC-Glc-x% MSA的工艺流程及糖基化肽段的富集过程图[45]

Fig. 5 One-step synthesis process diagrams of HTC-Glc-x% MPC or HTC-Glc-x% MSA and enrichment process of glycopeptides[45]

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