色谱 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1062-1072.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.04026
翟洪稳, 马红玉, 曹梅荣, 张明星, 马俊美, 张岩(), 李强*()
收稿日期:
2023-05-05
出版日期:
2023-12-08
发布日期:
2023-12-13
通讯作者:
*E-mail:snowwinglv@126.com(张岩);
E-mail:sjzliq@163.com(李强).
基金资助:
ZHAI Hongwen, MA Hongyu, CAO Meirong, ZHANG Mingxing, MA Junmei, ZHANG Yan(), LI Qiang*()
Received:
2023-05-05
Online:
2023-12-08
Published:
2023-12-13
Supported by:
摘要:
食品安全检测具有重要意义,但食品样品基质复杂,测定其中危害物时,通常需要以下几个步骤:样品制备,即采用适合的样品前处理方法,在不同基质中将目标物分离出来;分离纯化,利用色谱系统进一步分离纯化目标物;定性定量分析,基于目标化合物的性质选择合适的检测器进行分析。其中样品制备是关键步骤之一,将样品制备过程与液相色谱系统耦合可以实现样品的在线自动化分析。与传统人工处理过程相比,在线分析不仅能够减少人工操作误差,保证良好的精密度和重复性,而且可以降低溶剂消耗,避免样品间交叉污染,同时节约分析时间,提高检测效率。本文主要介绍目前常用的在线样品制备技术,包括在线固相萃取(on-line SPE)、管内固相微萃取(in-tube SPME)、湍流色谱法(TFC),详细阐述了其基本原理和耦合设备。在线样品制备技术耦合液相色谱-质谱系统分为两个维度,主要依赖于阀切换技术,将样品制备(第一维度)和液相色谱系统(第二维度)之间建立物理连接,随后采用相应的检测器进行分析。第一维度的作用主要是去除样品杂质,净化分离目标物,为第二维度对目标物进行定性定量检测做准备。此外,文章对3种在线净化系统适用的不同净化填料进行了总结讨论。最后综述了近10年来3类在线系统在食品兽药残留、农药残留、毒素污染以及其他危害物检测中的应用和研究进展,并对该领域存在的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨和展望,以促进在线样品制备技术进一步应用于食品安全检测。
中图分类号:
翟洪稳, 马红玉, 曹梅荣, 张明星, 马俊美, 张岩, 李强. 在线样品制备技术耦合液相色谱-质谱系统在食品危害物检测中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(12): 1062-1072.
ZHAI Hongwen, MA Hongyu, CAO Meirong, ZHANG Mingxing, MA Junmei, ZHANG Yan, LI Qiang. Application progress of on-line sample preparation techniques coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system in the detection of food hazards[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2023, 41(12): 1062-1072.
图1 典型在线样品制备技术耦合色谱技术的工作流程图
Fig. 1 Workflow diagram for typical on-line sample preparation with chromatography technology LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; SBSE: stir bar sorptive extraction; MEPS: microextraction by a packed sorbent; TFC: turbulent flow chromatography; SFC: supercritical fluid chromatography; EI: electron impact; CI: chemical ionization; ESI: electrospray ionization; APCI: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; APPI: atmospheric pressure photoionization ionization; VWD: variable-wavelength ultraviolet detector; DAD: diode array detector; FLD: fluorescence detector; FID: hydrogen flame ionization detector; ECD: electron capture detector.
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs/ (ng/kg) | LOQs/ (ng/kg) | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 β-agonists | pork and lamb | MCX column (10 mm×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 4-40 | 20-200 | 76.5- 107.7 | 2.4- 9.5 | [ |
18 sulfonamide antibiotics | aquaculture | Oasis® MCX column (20 mm×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) and Oasis® HLB column (20 mm ×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) | F5 column (150 mm× 3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 1.46-15.5 | 49-51.6 | 71.5- 102.0 | 3.47- 14.2 | [ |
10 macrolide antibiotics | pork | HLB column (10 mm×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm mm, 2.5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 50-300 | 100-1000 | 69.9- 115.2 | 0.9- 9.2 | [ |
Abamectin and ivermectin | milk | SB-C18 column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SB-C18 column (75 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.65-0.67 | 2.21-2.23 | 82-88 | 4.8- 9.7 | [ |
36 antibiotics | chicken meat | TurboFlow Cyclone- P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Betasil phenyl hexyl column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 300-40000 | 1000-120000 | 80-120 | 3-28 | [ |
Ractopamine | beef | TurboFlow Cyclone- P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Accucore C18 column (50 mm×3 mm, 2.6 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | - | 0.3 | 85-104 | 2.6- 14.0 | [ |
5 benzimidazoles and 7 metabolites | milk | ADS column (25 mm ×4 mm, 25 μm) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C18 column (150 mm ×4.60 mm, 3 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.1-0.8 | - | 88-114 | 0.8- 9.7 | [ |
8 quinolone antibacterials | milk, egg, chicken and fish | PEEK tube (poly (MAA-co-EGDMA), 150 mm×0.50 mm) | C18 column (250 mm ×2.0 mm, 5 μm) | In-tube SPME- LC/ESI-Q- TOF-MS | 0.3-1.2 (egg), 0.2-3.0 (milk), 0.2-0.7 (chick- en), 0.2-1.0 (fish) | 1.0-4.0 (egg), 0.6-10 (milk), 0.8-2.4 (chick- en), 0.6-3.3 (fish) | 80.2- 115.0 | 1.3- 14.5 | [ |
表1 在线样品制备技术耦合液相色谱-质谱在食品兽药残留检测中的应用
Table 1 Applications of on-line sample preparation with LC-MS system for determination of veterinary drug residues in foods
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs/ (ng/kg) | LOQs/ (ng/kg) | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 β-agonists | pork and lamb | MCX column (10 mm×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 4-40 | 20-200 | 76.5- 107.7 | 2.4- 9.5 | [ |
18 sulfonamide antibiotics | aquaculture | Oasis® MCX column (20 mm×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) and Oasis® HLB column (20 mm ×2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) | F5 column (150 mm× 3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 1.46-15.5 | 49-51.6 | 71.5- 102.0 | 3.47- 14.2 | [ |
10 macrolide antibiotics | pork | HLB column (10 mm×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm mm, 2.5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 50-300 | 100-1000 | 69.9- 115.2 | 0.9- 9.2 | [ |
Abamectin and ivermectin | milk | SB-C18 column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SB-C18 column (75 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.65-0.67 | 2.21-2.23 | 82-88 | 4.8- 9.7 | [ |
36 antibiotics | chicken meat | TurboFlow Cyclone- P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Betasil phenyl hexyl column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 300-40000 | 1000-120000 | 80-120 | 3-28 | [ |
Ractopamine | beef | TurboFlow Cyclone- P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Accucore C18 column (50 mm×3 mm, 2.6 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | - | 0.3 | 85-104 | 2.6- 14.0 | [ |
5 benzimidazoles and 7 metabolites | milk | ADS column (25 mm ×4 mm, 25 μm) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C18 column (150 mm ×4.60 mm, 3 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.1-0.8 | - | 88-114 | 0.8- 9.7 | [ |
8 quinolone antibacterials | milk, egg, chicken and fish | PEEK tube (poly (MAA-co-EGDMA), 150 mm×0.50 mm) | C18 column (250 mm ×2.0 mm, 5 μm) | In-tube SPME- LC/ESI-Q- TOF-MS | 0.3-1.2 (egg), 0.2-3.0 (milk), 0.2-0.7 (chick- en), 0.2-1.0 (fish) | 1.0-4.0 (egg), 0.6-10 (milk), 0.8-2.4 (chick- en), 0.6-3.3 (fish) | 80.2- 115.0 | 1.3- 14.5 | [ |
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs | LOQs | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 pesticide residues | wine | PS-DVB column (12.5 mm×2.1 mm, 15-20 μm) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C18 column (100 mm ×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | - | 0.02-2.5 μg/L | 70-119 | - | [ |
212 pesticides | fruits and vegetables | TurboFlow Cyclone-P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Accucore aQ C18 col- umn (150 mm×2.1 mm, 2. 6 μm) | TFC-LC/ESI- Q-Orbitrap | - | 0.5-5 μg/kg | 58.3- 129.4 | 2.8- 16.0 | [ |
15 amide herbicides | rice | poly(BMA-co-ED- MA) column (50 mm× 2.1 mm) | Hypersil GOLD col- umn (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.20-2.0 μg/kg | 0.50-5.0 μg/kg | 75.5- 121.3 | 2.89- 12.38 | [ |
107 pesticides and metabolites | raw and drinking water | XBridge C18 column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 10 μm) | ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.03-1.5 ng/L | 0.1-5.0 ng/L | 61.2- 119.8 | 0.3-18.6 | [ |
15 pesticide residues | cabbage and cucumber | XL C18 (50 mm×0.5 mm, silica type) | Phenomenex C18 col- umn (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.2-1.0 μg/kg | 0.5-2.0 μg/kg | 75.3- 103.7 | 0.3- 9.5 | [ |
8 carbamate pesticide residues | tomato, rice, and cabbage | CAPCELL PAK C18 column (50 mm×2 mm, 15 μm) | ACQUITY UHPLC CSH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.01-0.3 ng/mL | 0.05-1.0 ng/mL | 73.76- 112.32 | 1.28- 13.14 | [ |
表2 在线样品制备技术耦合液相色谱-质谱在食品农药残留检测中的应用
Table 2 Applications of on-line sample preparation with LC-MS system for determination of pesticide residues in foods
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs | LOQs | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 pesticide residues | wine | PS-DVB column (12.5 mm×2.1 mm, 15-20 μm) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C18 column (100 mm ×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | - | 0.02-2.5 μg/L | 70-119 | - | [ |
212 pesticides | fruits and vegetables | TurboFlow Cyclone-P (50 mm×0.5 mm, 60 μm) | Accucore aQ C18 col- umn (150 mm×2.1 mm, 2. 6 μm) | TFC-LC/ESI- Q-Orbitrap | - | 0.5-5 μg/kg | 58.3- 129.4 | 2.8- 16.0 | [ |
15 amide herbicides | rice | poly(BMA-co-ED- MA) column (50 mm× 2.1 mm) | Hypersil GOLD col- umn (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.20-2.0 μg/kg | 0.50-5.0 μg/kg | 75.5- 121.3 | 2.89- 12.38 | [ |
107 pesticides and metabolites | raw and drinking water | XBridge C18 column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 10 μm) | ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.03-1.5 ng/L | 0.1-5.0 ng/L | 61.2- 119.8 | 0.3-18.6 | [ |
15 pesticide residues | cabbage and cucumber | XL C18 (50 mm×0.5 mm, silica type) | Phenomenex C18 col- umn (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | TFC-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.2-1.0 μg/kg | 0.5-2.0 μg/kg | 75.3- 103.7 | 0.3- 9.5 | [ |
8 carbamate pesticide residues | tomato, rice, and cabbage | CAPCELL PAK C18 column (50 mm×2 mm, 15 μm) | ACQUITY UHPLC CSH C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.01-0.3 ng/mL | 0.05-1.0 ng/mL | 73.76- 112.32 | 1.28- 13.14 | [ |
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs | LOQs | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 microcystins | fish | XBridge C18 Direct Connect HP column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 10 μm) | Waters Cortecs C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.1-0.5 μg/kg | 0.3-1.5 μg/kg | 70.5- 98.9 | 1.3- 3.5 | [ |
Ochratoxin A | red and white wine | Oasis MAX (20 mm× 2.1 mm, 12 μm) | Chromolith® FastGra- dient column (50 mm ×2 mm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.012- 0.014 ng/mL | 0.041- 0.045 ng/mL | 80-88 | 3-6 | [ |
Fumonisins | corn and wheat flour | WAX column (10 mm ×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.08 μg/kg | 0.2 μg/kg | 93.9- 117.8 | 1.8- 9.4 | [ |
Ochratoxin A | wine | PEEK tube (150 mm× 0.50 mm, C18) | XB-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) | In-tube SPME-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.02 μg/L | 0.05 μg/L | 61.4- 72.8 | 1.15- 6.05 | [ |
Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) | nuts, cereals, dried fruits, and spices | PEEK tube (60 cm× 0.32 mm, Supel- Q PLOT) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C8 column (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | In-tube SPME-UH- PLC-MS/MS | 2.1-2.8 pg/mL | - | 80.8- 109.1 | 1.9- 7.7 | [ |
Aflatoxin M1 | milk and dairy products | BioBasic C18 (20 mm ×2.0 mm, 5 μm) | Kinetex PFP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 0.5-0.7 ng/kg | 1.5-2.4 ng/kg | 86-102 | 3-8 | [ |
13 cyanotoxins | freshwater | ZIC-HILIC column (20 mm×2.1 mm, 5.0 μm) | Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.7-4.1 ng/L | 1.8-8.1 ng/L | - | 1.65- 13.02 | [ |
Patulin | fruit juice and dried fruit | PEEK tube (60 cm× 0.32 mm, carbox- en 1006 PLOT) | Synergi MAX-RP 80A column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 4 μm) | In-tube SPME-UH- PLC-MS/MS | 23.5 pg/mL | 92.5- 94.4 | 0.95- 4.5 | [ |
表3 在线样品制备技术耦合液相色谱-质谱在食品毒素检测中的应用
Table 3 Applications of on-line sample preparation with LC-MS system for determination of toxin in foods
Analytes | Matrices | First dimension | Second dimension | On-line analysis system | LODs | LOQs | Recov- eries/% | RSDs/ % | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 microcystins | fish | XBridge C18 Direct Connect HP column (30 mm×2.1 mm, 10 μm) | Waters Cortecs C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.1-0.5 μg/kg | 0.3-1.5 μg/kg | 70.5- 98.9 | 1.3- 3.5 | [ |
Ochratoxin A | red and white wine | Oasis MAX (20 mm× 2.1 mm, 12 μm) | Chromolith® FastGra- dient column (50 mm ×2 mm) | SPE-UHPLC- MS/MS | 0.012- 0.014 ng/mL | 0.041- 0.045 ng/mL | 80-88 | 3-6 | [ |
Fumonisins | corn and wheat flour | WAX column (10 mm ×1 mm) | XBridge C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.08 μg/kg | 0.2 μg/kg | 93.9- 117.8 | 1.8- 9.4 | [ |
Ochratoxin A | wine | PEEK tube (150 mm× 0.50 mm, C18) | XB-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) | In-tube SPME-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.02 μg/L | 0.05 μg/L | 61.4- 72.8 | 1.15- 6.05 | [ |
Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) | nuts, cereals, dried fruits, and spices | PEEK tube (60 cm× 0.32 mm, Supel- Q PLOT) | Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C8 column (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | In-tube SPME-UH- PLC-MS/MS | 2.1-2.8 pg/mL | - | 80.8- 109.1 | 1.9- 7.7 | [ |
Aflatoxin M1 | milk and dairy products | BioBasic C18 (20 mm ×2.0 mm, 5 μm) | Kinetex PFP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) | SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS | 0.5-0.7 ng/kg | 1.5-2.4 ng/kg | 86-102 | 3-8 | [ |
13 cyanotoxins | freshwater | ZIC-HILIC column (20 mm×2.1 mm, 5.0 μm) | Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) | SPE-HPLC- MS/MS | 0.7-4.1 ng/L | 1.8-8.1 ng/L | - | 1.65- 13.02 | [ |
Patulin | fruit juice and dried fruit | PEEK tube (60 cm× 0.32 mm, carbox- en 1006 PLOT) | Synergi MAX-RP 80A column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 4 μm) | In-tube SPME-UH- PLC-MS/MS | 23.5 pg/mL | 92.5- 94.4 | 0.95- 4.5 | [ |
|
[1] | 周然锋, 张惠贤, 尹小丽, 彭西甜. 新型纳米材料在农产品安全分析中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(9): 731-741. |
[2] | 解伟亚, 朱晓晗, 梅宏成, 郭洪玲, 李亚军, 黄阳, 秦皓, 朱军, 胡灿. 基于功能材料的固相微萃取技术及其在法庭科学领域中的应用[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(4): 302-311. |
[3] | 欧阳艺兰, 易琳, 邱露允, 张真庆. 色谱技术在肝素结构分析中的研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(2): 107-121. |
[4] | 余涛, 陈立, 张文敏, 张兰, 卢巧梅. 微孔有机网络材料的合成方法及其在样品前处理中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(12): 1052-1061. |
[5] | 闫美婷, 龙文雯, 陶雪平, 王丹, 夏之宁, 付琦峰. 金属有机骨架材料在色谱固定相构建及应用中的研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(10): 879-890. |
[6] | 宋春颖, 金高娃, 俞东萍, 夏东海, 丰静, 郭志谋, 梁鑫淼. 超临界流体色谱固定相的发展及在天然产物中的应用[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(10): 866-878. |
[7] | 蒋文倩, 陈宇媚, 毕文韬. 基于低共熔溶剂的多孔有机框架材料合成及其在固相萃取中的应用[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(10): 901-910. |
[8] | 杨涵, 汤雯淇, 曾楚, 孟莎莎, 徐铭. 高效金属有机骨架气相色谱固定相的理性设计[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(10): 853-865. |
[9] | 王国秀, 陈永雷, 吕文娟, 陈宏丽, 陈兴国. 共价有机框架材料在毛细管电色谱中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(10): 835-842. |
[10] | 玛依热·阿不力提甫, 钟子豪, 白希. 制备气相色谱在挥发性成分分离中的应用研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(1): 37-46. |
[11] | 邹晓伟, 刘星, 张建明. 薄层色谱与质谱联用的研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(1): 24-36. |
[12] | 翟容容, 高雯, 李梦宁, 杨华. 离子淌度质谱技术在中药化学成分分析中的研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2022, 40(9): 782-787. |
[13] | 鲁晨辉, 张毅, 苏宇杰, 王文龙, 冯永巍. 食品中芳香族氨基酸的分离分析技术研究进展[J]. 色谱, 2022, 40(8): 686-693. |
[14] | 张文敏, 刘冠城, 马文德, 方敏, 张兰. 共价有机骨架材料在有毒有害物质萃取中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2022, 40(7): 600-609. |
[15] | 张贤钊, 甄大卫, 刘丰茂, 彭庆蓉, 王宗义. 植物源生物炭材料的制备及其在农药残留领域中的应用进展[J]. 色谱, 2022, 40(6): 499-508. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||