色谱

色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 245-251.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.06011

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

离子色谱法测定呼出气和唾液中的葡萄糖

许健军1, 楼超艳2, 卓延红3,*(), 朱岩1,*()   

  1. 1.浙江大学化学系, 浙江省微量有毒化学物健康风险评估技术研究重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310028
    2.中国计量大学质量与标准化学院, 浙江 杭州 310018
    3.福建医科大学附属漳州市医院放射肿瘤科, 福建 漳州 363000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-29 出版日期:2025-03-08 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 卓延红,朱岩
  • 作者简介:第一联系人：

    本文为“离子色谱及其相关技术专辑”稿件.

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22304167);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGC23B050005)

Determination of glucose in exhaled breath and saliva by ion chromatography

XU Jianjun1, LOU Chaoyan2, ZHUO Yanhong3,*(), ZHU Yan1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Health Risk Assessment Technology for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310028, China
    2. College of Quality and Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    3. Department of Radiation Oncology Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
  • Received:2024-06-29 Online:2025-03-08 Published:2025-03-03
  • Contact: ZHUO Yanhong, ZHU Yan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22304167);Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LTGC23B050005)

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摘要：

建立了一种离子色谱测定人体呼出气和唾液中葡萄糖的方法。通过自制的呼出气冷凝装置和非刺激性方法分别收集人体呼出气和唾液,利用离子色谱对呼出气冷凝液(EBC)和唾液中的葡萄糖含量进行了检测。经过实验优化后,确定最佳冷凝温度为-14 ℃,最佳呼气流量为15 L/min。以Dionex CarboPac MA1离子色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm)为分析柱,柱温为30 ℃;以0.8 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液为流动相,泵流速设置为0.4 mL/min。在此条件下,葡萄糖在0.01~20 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限为2.1 μg/L,定量限为7.0 μg/L。呼出气样品中葡萄糖含量的日内和日间精密度均≤7.5%(n=5),唾液样品中葡萄糖含量的日内和日间精密度均≤7.1%(n=5)。实验结果表明,利用该方法测定的呼出气和唾液中的葡萄糖含量与血糖水平之间均具有较好的线性关系,线性决定系数(R2)分别为0.8431和0.8204。采用该方法对6位糖尿病患者和6位健康受试者呼出气和唾液中的葡萄糖含量分别进行检测,实验结果表明,在空腹状态下,糖尿病患者和健康受试者呼出气中的葡萄糖含量差异并不大,但在口服葡萄糖1 h后,糖尿病患者呼出气中的葡萄糖含量(48.4~140.0 ng/L)比健康受试者(1.7~7.9 ng/L)高6~80倍。在空腹状态下,糖尿病患者唾液中的葡萄糖含量(87.6~158 mg/L)比健康受试者(31.6~70.9 mg/L)高1.2~5.0倍;在口服葡萄糖2 h后,糖尿病患者唾液中的葡萄糖含量(136~257 mg/L)比健康受试者(33.1~75.2 mg/L)高1.8~7.7倍。本方法采样过程简单,精密度好且对人体无副作用,可为其他人体代谢物的检测提供技术支撑。

关键词: 冷凝收集, 离子色谱, 呼出气, 唾液, 葡萄糖, 糖尿病

Abstract:

A novel noninasive method was developed for determining glucose levels in human exhaled breath and saliva using ion chromatography. This innovative approach involves collecting exhaled breath and saliva samples using a self-designed condensation device and non-stimulative method to ensure minimal participant discomfort. The glucose contents in both exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and saliva were analyzed using ion chromatography, which is highly sensitive and specific. The experimental conditions were optimized, including a condensation temperature of -14 ℃ and an expiratory flow of 15 L/min. A Dionex CarboPac MA1 ion chromatography column (250 mm×4 mm) was used to separate glucose, with the column temperature maintained at 30 ℃. Sodium hydroxide solution (0.8 mol/L) with a pump flow rate of 0.4 mL/min was used as the mobile phase for ion chromatography. Under these conditions, glucose exhibited a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01-20 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, along with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 2.1 and 7.0 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions of glucose content in exhaled breath and saliva samples of ≤7.5% (n=5) and ≤8.4% (n=5), respectively. The results reveal that the glucose levels in exhaled breath and saliva are strongly correlated with blood glucose levels. The method was validated by measuring the glucose contents of exhaled breath and saliva from six diabetic patients and six healthy subjects. Little variation in the glucose contents of the exhaled breath of the two groups was observed under fasting states. However, the exhaled breath of the diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher (by factors of 6-80) glucose contents (48.4-140.0 ng/L) than those of healthy subjects (1.7-7.9 ng/L) 1 h after glucose ingestion. Saliva samples from fasting diabetic patients contained 1.2-5.0-times more glucose contents (87.6-158 mg/L) than those of healthy subjects (31.6-70.9 mg/L). In addition, the saliva of the diabetic patients exhibited glucose contents (136-257 mg/L) that were 1.8-7.7-times higher than those of the healthy subjects (33.1-75.2 mg/L) 2 h after glucose ingestion. The developed method provides a simple, precise, and non-invasive means of detecting glucose contents in a manner that does not harm the human body; hence, it is a promising non-invasive metabolic-monitoring tool. This study opens new avenues for the development of innovative technologies for monitoring glucose and other biomarkers, which is expected to greatly enhance metabolic-study accuracy and ease, particularly in the context of managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

Key words: condensation collection, ion chromatography (IC), exhaled breath condensate (EBC), saliva, glucose, diabetes

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