Recent advances in the application of metal-organic frameworks for sample pretreatment

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2019.07017

Abstract

Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely applied in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and separation. Their diverse structural topologies, large surface areas, and tunable pore sizes, also make MOFs great application potential in sample pretreatment. New sample pretreatment methods using MOFs are continually being developed. This review summaries the state-of-the art for the application of the powders, films, nanosheets and composites of MOFs in sample pretreatment, including solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, and magnetic solid phase extraction. Future prospects of MOFs in sample pretreatment are also presented.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), sample pretreatment, solid phase extraction (SPE), magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME)

QIAN Hailong, YAN Xiuping. Recent advances in the application of metal-organic frameworks for sample pretreatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2020, 38(1): 22-27.

Figures/Tables 1

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Sorbent	Extraction method	Sample	Analytes	Analytical method	Limits of detection (LODs)	Linear range	Ref.
MSPE: magnetic-solid phase extraction; SPME: solid phase microextraction; μ-SPE: micro solid phase extraction; SBSE: stir bar sorptive extraction. PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; PCAs: phenoxyalkanoic acids; OPPs: organophosphorus pesticides. UHPLC: ultra-high performance liquid chromatography; AFS: atomic fluorescence spectrometer; PDA: photodiode array; FPD: flame photometric detector.
Cu(4-C₅H₄N-COO)₂(H₂O)₄	SPE	coal fly ash and local water	PAHs	HPLC-UV	2-14 ng/L	0.005-6.5 μg/L	[17]
MOFs/PVA	SPE	water	NSAIDs	HPLC-MS/MS	0.007-0.037 μg/L	0.10-10 μg/L	[24]
MOF-MIP	SPE	milk powder	tetracyclines	UPLC-MS/MS	0.217-0.318 ng/g	1-100 ng/g	[26]
MIL-101(Cr)	SPE	water	PCAs	UPLC-MS/MS	0.18-0.88 ng/L	5-1000 ng/L	[27]
MIL-101(Cr)	SPE	water	sulfonamides	UPLC-MS/MS	0.03-0.08 μg/L	0.2-100 μg/L	[28]
ZIF-8	SPE	water and milk	tetracyclines	HPLC-PDA	1.5-8.0 μg/L	5-1000 μg/L	[29]
Fe₃O₄@MIL-101(Cr)	MSPE	water	PAHs	HPLC-PDA	2.8-27.2 ng/L	0.01-250 ng/L	[30]
Fe₃O₄@MIL-100(Fe)	MSPE	water	PCBs	GC-MS/MS	1.07-1.57 ng/L	5-4000 ng/L	[31]
SH-Fe₃O₄/Cu₃(BTC)₂	MSPE	food	lead	AFS	0.29 μg/L	1-20 μg/L	[32]
MIL-53(Fe)@PDA@Fe₃O₄	MSPE	tobacco	sulfonylurea herbicides	HPLC-PDA	0.28-0.77 μg/L	1.0-200 μg/L	[34]
γ-Fe₂O₃/C	MSPE	water	malachite green	UV-Vis	11.07 μg/L	50-5000 μg/L	[35]
MOF-199	SPME	indoor air	benzene homologues	GC-FID	8.3-23.3 ng/L	36-23000 ng/L	[37]
ZIF-8	SPME	petroleum-based fuel and human serum	n-alkanes	GC-MS	0.4-1.06 ng/L	10-62500 ng/L	[38]
ZIF-90	SPME	water and soil	endocrine disruptors	GC-FID	28.9-196 ng/L	0.1-1000 ng/L	[39]
MIL-53(Al, Cr, Fe)	SPME	water	PAHs	GC-MS/MS	0.10-0.73 ng/L	1-500 ng/L	[40]
SCNCs-F	SPME	water	PAHs	GC-MS	0.03-0.70 ng/L	5-2000 ng/L	[43]
Ni-Zn MOF/g-C₃N₄	SPME	water and soils	PAHs	GC-MS	0.1-3.0 ng/L	0.3-5000 ng/L	[44]
MIL-101(Cr)	μ-SPE	vegetable oils	herbicides	HPLC-DAD	0.59-1.04 μg/L	2.00-25 μg/L	[45]
MIL-101(Cr)@GO	μ-SPE	milk	sulfonamides	UHPLC-MS/MS	0.012-0.145 μg/L	0.1-50 μg/L	[46]
MIL-101 with Triton X-114	μ-SPE	water	endocrine disruptors	GC-MS	0.006-0.023 ng/mL	0.09-45 ng/mL	[47]
ZIF-8	μ-SPE	water	acidic drugs	GC-MS	0.012-0.145 μg/L	0.1-50 μg/L	[48]
PDMS/MOFs	SBSE	water	estrogens	HPLC-UV	0.15-0.35 μg/L	1-2500 μg/L	[50]
PDMS/MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂	SBSE	water	OPPs	GC-FPD	0.043-0.085 μg/L	0.5-100 μg/L	[51]
PEEK/MIL-68	SBSE	cosmetics and rabbit plasma	parabens	HPLC-MS	1-2 pg/mL	0.005-15 ng/mL	[52]
ZIF-8	In-tube SPME	water and soils	PAHs	HPLC-FLD	0.5-5 pg/mL	10-5000 pg/mL	[53]
MIL-101(Cr) monolith	In-tube SPME	water	penicillin	CEC-UV	1.2-4.5 ng/mL	0.1-1.0 μg/mL	[54]

Sorbent	Extraction method	Sample	Analytes	Analytical method	Limits of detection (LODs)	Linear range	Ref.
MSPE: magnetic-solid phase extraction; SPME: solid phase microextraction; μ-SPE: micro solid phase extraction; SBSE: stir bar sorptive extraction. PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; PCAs: phenoxyalkanoic acids; OPPs: organophosphorus pesticides. UHPLC: ultra-high performance liquid chromatography; AFS: atomic fluorescence spectrometer; PDA: photodiode array; FPD: flame photometric detector.
Cu(4-C₅H₄N-COO)₂(H₂O)₄	SPE	coal fly ash and local water	PAHs	HPLC-UV	2-14 ng/L	0.005-6.5 μg/L	[17]
MOFs/PVA	SPE	water	NSAIDs	HPLC-MS/MS	0.007-0.037 μg/L	0.10-10 μg/L	[24]
MOF-MIP	SPE	milk powder	tetracyclines	UPLC-MS/MS	0.217-0.318 ng/g	1-100 ng/g	[26]
MIL-101(Cr)	SPE	water	PCAs	UPLC-MS/MS	0.18-0.88 ng/L	5-1000 ng/L	[27]
MIL-101(Cr)	SPE	water	sulfonamides	UPLC-MS/MS	0.03-0.08 μg/L	0.2-100 μg/L	[28]
ZIF-8	SPE	water and milk	tetracyclines	HPLC-PDA	1.5-8.0 μg/L	5-1000 μg/L	[29]
Fe₃O₄@MIL-101(Cr)	MSPE	water	PAHs	HPLC-PDA	2.8-27.2 ng/L	0.01-250 ng/L	[30]
Fe₃O₄@MIL-100(Fe)	MSPE	water	PCBs	GC-MS/MS	1.07-1.57 ng/L	5-4000 ng/L	[31]
SH-Fe₃O₄/Cu₃(BTC)₂	MSPE	food	lead	AFS	0.29 μg/L	1-20 μg/L	[32]
MIL-53(Fe)@PDA@Fe₃O₄	MSPE	tobacco	sulfonylurea herbicides	HPLC-PDA	0.28-0.77 μg/L	1.0-200 μg/L	[34]
γ-Fe₂O₃/C	MSPE	water	malachite green	UV-Vis	11.07 μg/L	50-5000 μg/L	[35]
MOF-199	SPME	indoor air	benzene homologues	GC-FID	8.3-23.3 ng/L	36-23000 ng/L	[37]
ZIF-8	SPME	petroleum-based fuel and human serum	n-alkanes	GC-MS	0.4-1.06 ng/L	10-62500 ng/L	[38]
ZIF-90	SPME	water and soil	endocrine disruptors	GC-FID	28.9-196 ng/L	0.1-1000 ng/L	[39]
MIL-53(Al, Cr, Fe)	SPME	water	PAHs	GC-MS/MS	0.10-0.73 ng/L	1-500 ng/L	[40]
SCNCs-F	SPME	water	PAHs	GC-MS	0.03-0.70 ng/L	5-2000 ng/L	[43]
Ni-Zn MOF/g-C₃N₄	SPME	water and soils	PAHs	GC-MS	0.1-3.0 ng/L	0.3-5000 ng/L	[44]
MIL-101(Cr)	μ-SPE	vegetable oils	herbicides	HPLC-DAD	0.59-1.04 μg/L	2.00-25 μg/L	[45]
MIL-101(Cr)@GO	μ-SPE	milk	sulfonamides	UHPLC-MS/MS	0.012-0.145 μg/L	0.1-50 μg/L	[46]
MIL-101 with Triton X-114	μ-SPE	water	endocrine disruptors	GC-MS	0.006-0.023 ng/mL	0.09-45 ng/mL	[47]
ZIF-8	μ-SPE	water	acidic drugs	GC-MS	0.012-0.145 μg/L	0.1-50 μg/L	[48]
PDMS/MOFs	SBSE	water	estrogens	HPLC-UV	0.15-0.35 μg/L	1-2500 μg/L	[50]
PDMS/MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂	SBSE	water	OPPs	GC-FPD	0.043-0.085 μg/L	0.5-100 μg/L	[51]
PEEK/MIL-68	SBSE	cosmetics and rabbit plasma	parabens	HPLC-MS	1-2 pg/mL	0.005-15 ng/mL	[52]
ZIF-8	In-tube SPME	water and soils	PAHs	HPLC-FLD	0.5-5 pg/mL	10-5000 pg/mL	[53]
MIL-101(Cr) monolith	In-tube SPME	water	penicillin	CEC-UV	1.2-4.5 ng/mL	0.1-1.0 μg/mL	[54]

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