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    Chinese Journal of Chromatography
    2010, Vol. 28, No. 4
    Online: 28 April 2010

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    Articles
    Analysis of volatile oils of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. from different geographical origins by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    WANG Nan, ZHANG Yi, LI Xiang, TONG Yingpeng, KONG Hongwei, XU Guowang
    2010, 28 (4):  329-335.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00329
    Abstract ( 3110 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (273KB) ( 798 )  
    The volatile oils of 23 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. samples from 4 different regions were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF MS). The group-type separation of 4 terpenoids and phthalides was well accomplished based on a DB-Petro×DB-17 column system. With the MS library search, 215 compounds were tentatively identified based on the NIST database and the 43 compounds of them were confirmed by using the retention index or comparing with the standard compounds in a typical sample from Xindu City. Twenty three samples were apparently classified into 4 groups by partial least square-discriminant analysis. A brief list of 20 differential compounds is presented, including cnidilide, 3-n-butylphthalide and butylidene phthalide. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) stable free radical scavenging assay was adopted to differentiate the antioxidative potency of these samples, which was expressed as EC50. Based on the orthogonal partial least square model the biochemical discrimination of samples was achieved with ligustilide, senkyunolide A and neocnidilide as important differential compounds according to geographical origins. All the results indicated that phthalides exert a great influence on the chemical and biochemical classifications of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and the samples from Pengzhou City have the highest contents of phthalides.
    Determination of nitrogen compounds in catalytic gasolines by gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection
    YANG Yongtan, WU Mingqing, WANG Zheng
    2010, 28 (4):  336-340.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00336
    Abstract ( 3542 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (195KB) ( 746 )  
    A method for the separation and determination of nitrogen compounds in catalytic gasolines by gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC-NCD) was established. The effects of the flow rate of carrier gas and the oven temperature on the resolution were studied. More than 20 nitrogen compounds, including amines, pyridine, aniline, 2-methyl aniline, 3-methyl aniline, 4-methyl aniline, quinoline, and indole, in catalytic gasoline were identified based on the retention time of some pure nitrogen compounds and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative standard deviations of the peak areas of main nitrogen compounds in a catalytic gasoline sample were less than 2.5% and the detection limits for nitrogen were 1.0 mg/L under the chosen conditions. The linear ranges were 1.0~100 mg/L nitrogen for each nitrogen compound. The correlation coefficients were more than 0.998. The method can be successfully applied for the determination of each nitrogen compound in different catalytic gasolines.
    Determination of benzoylurea and bishydrazide pesticide residues in vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with matrix solid phase dispersion
    HAN Xiao, LOU Xishan, ZHANG Li, WANG Guoqing, MA Ming, WANG Minglin
    2010, 28 (4):  341-347.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00341
    Abstract ( 3209 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (304KB) ( 836 )  
    A method for the determination of nine pesticides including benzoylureas (diflubenzuron, chlorobenzuron, triflumuron, teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron) and bishydrazides (methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide) in vegetables was developed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with matrix solid phase dispersion. The sample was graphitized with neutral alumina as dispersant and carbon black as purifying, and eluted with ethyl acetate. The separation was achieved by UPLC, and then the identification and quantification were performed using MS/MS with multiple-reaction monitoring and electrospray ionization in positive or negative mode. The following results were obtained: The calibration curves showed good linearity in the ranges of 1~100 μg/L with R2≥0.99; The recoveries were 78.5%~112.8% at four spiked levels of 1, 5, 10, 100 μg/kg, and the relative standard deviations were 2.3%~10.2%; The limits of determination were 0.5~1.0 μg/kg. The method has the advantages of easy to operate, fast to perform, lower limits of quantification, consuming less sample and organic solvents. It can meet the demands of practical use for the rapid and simultaneous determination of benzoylureas and bishydrazides in vegetables.
    Determination of 20 carbamate pesticide residues in food by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    ZHANG Fan, HUANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Ying, LI Zhonghai, WANG Meiling
    2010, 28 (4):  348-355.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00348
    Abstract ( 2786 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (250KB) ( 840 )  
    A new method of determination and conformation for 20 carbamate pesticide residues in food by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The residual carbamate pesticides in food were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up with C18 solid phase extraction column or Carb/NH2 solid phase extraction column, and the targets were detected and confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS using external standard method. The recoveries of the 20 carbamate pesticides in spiked levels (from 0.005 to 0.025 mg/kg) ranged from 51.2% to 125.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.4% to 19.8%; the concentration range of linearity was 0.005~0.1 mg/kg; the correlation coefficients were 0.991 7~0.999 6. The method is fast, easy, sensitive and reliable. It also demonstrates that this method can meet the requirements for the simultaneous determination of 20 carbamate pesticide residues in food.
    Determination of 27 industrial dyes in juice and wine using ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry
    ZHAO Shan, ZHANG Jing, YANG Yi, SHAO Bing
    2010, 28 (4):  356-362.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00356
    Abstract ( 2806 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (249KB) ( 789 )  
    A method for the determination of 27 industrial dyes in juice and wine has been developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Acetonitrile was used as extraction solvent, and sodium chloride was added to salt out the analytes from the samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with the gradient elution and the mass spectrometric acquisition was carried out under the mode of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Twenty-four of the 27 dyes were detected under positive ionization mode using the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. The other 3 dyes were analyzed under negative ionization mode with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water. As a result, the average recoveries of 27 dyes spiked in juice ranged from 57.0% to 117.7% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.4%~17.7%, and the average recoveries of 27 dyes spiked in wine ranged from 40.8% to 109.4% with the RSDs of 1.6%~17.9%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of 27 dyes spiked in juice were in the range of 0.1~50 μg/kg, and 0.2~50 μg/kg for those spiked in wine. This method can be applied to rapid detection of illegally added dyes in soft drinks due to its simplicity and high sensitivity.
    Determination of azaspiracid-1 in shellfishes by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
    YAO Jianhua, TAN Zhijun, ZHOU Deqing, GUO Mengmeng, XING Lihong, YANG Shouguo,
    2010, 28 (4):  363-367.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00363
    Abstract ( 2347 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (194KB) ( 686 )  
    A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of azaspiracid-1 (AZA1) in shellfishes was described. After being extracted using methanol and water (80:20, v/v), the extract was cleaned-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) of MAX column, then determined by using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isocratic program coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). And the extract was eluted with acetonitrile-water (80:20, v/v) on an Atlantis dC18 column (150 mm × 4.6mm, 5.0 μm) with mobile phase containing 50 mmol/L formic acid and 2 mmol/L ammonium formate. The detection limit was 11.00 pg/g. The calibration curve was linear (R2=0.998 1) in the range of 48.85~2 442 ng/L. The average recoveries of the shellfish tissue extract at three spiked levels (36.64, 73.27, 146.54 pg/g) were from 75.8% to 82.5% (n=6). The relative standard derivations (RSDs) were less than 10%. The 112 shellfish samples from the local markets of Dalian, Qingdao, Guangzhou were detected by the method, and AZA1 was detected in some samples from Dalian and Guangzhou. The results showed that the method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the detection of AZA1 in shellfishes.
    Optimization of conditions for the separation of peptide mixtures using strong cation exchange chromatography
    WANG Lu, ZHOU Lanlan, QIAN Xiaohong, ZHANG Yangjun
    2010, 28 (4):  368-373.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00368
    Abstract ( 3298 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (186KB) ( 1246 )  
    The separation conditions for strong cation exchange chromatography were investigated and compared using tryptic digest of protein extract from yeast. The conditions included the loading amount of the sample, the type of the salt in mobile phase, the type of the acid used to adjust the pH of the mobile phase and the proportion of organic solvent added in the elution solution. The experimental results indicated that high separation efficiency can be obtained by using ammonium chloride solution as optimal mobile phase, phosphoric acid to adjust the pH of mobile phases and 30%(v/v) organic solvent in mobile phases. The results suggested that a beneficial reference was presented for the selection of separation conditions of strong cation exchange chromatography when applying in two-dimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry strategy in proteomic research.
    Two-step chromatographic method for the separation and purification of recombinant porcine β2-adrenoceptors
    XU Lihua, WANG Shixiang, ZHENG Xiaohui, BIAN Liujiao
    2010, 28 (4):  374-378.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00374
    Abstract ( 2878 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (248KB) ( 529 )  
    β2-Adrenoceptors are the members of cell surface receptors which perform their signal transduction to the interior of the cells by coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins. On the foundation of successful clone and expression of β2-adrenoceptors, a two-step chromatographic method using Ni-chelated Sepharose High Performance affinity media and Quaternary Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchangers was established to prepare recombinant β2-adrenoceptors expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) as histidine-tagged protein. In the affinity chromatographic column, the buffer A was consisted of 20 mmol/L phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 500 mmol/L NaCl (pH 7.4), and the buffer B was consisted of buffer A with the addition of 0.5 mol/L imidazole (pH 7.4); in anion chromatographic column, the buffer A was 20 mmol/L PBS (pH 7.4), and the buffer B was consisted of buffer A with 800 mmol/L NaCl (pH 7.4). The analysis results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high performance size-exclusion chromatography (Shim-pack Diol-300) showed that the purity of obtained β2-adrenoceptors was about 95%. Furthermore, the bioactivity of β2-adrenoceptors was studied by receptor ligand combination test, and the results assured the object protein possessed good bioactivity. Finally the conclusion can be reached that the method can effectively separate active recombined β2-adrenoceptors.
    Determination of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. by hydrophilic interaction chromatography
    ZHUO Rongjie, WANG Li, WANG Longxing, XIAO Hongbin, CAI Shaoqing
    2010, 28 (4):  379-382.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00379
    Abstract ( 2910 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (158KB) ( 606 )  
    A method of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was established for the quantitative determination of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. HILIC analysis was performed on a Waters Atlantis HILIC Silica column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (pH 4.4) (70:30, v/v), and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm. The method has good linearity in the range of 2.50~100 mg/L for trigonelline (r=0.9996). The recoveries were on an average of 102%by adding 29.2 mg/L and 43.8 mg/L with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.17% and 2.28% (n=3), respectively. The results indicate that the method is simple and rapid for the determination of strong polar trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the equilibration time compared with ion-pair liquid chromatography (IPLC) recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of China. This new method can be used as a valid method for the quality control of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
    Isolation and purification of flavones from Murraya exotica L. by high-speed counter-current chromatography
    PENG Aiyi, QU Xuewei, LI Hui, GAO Lu, YU Bo, YANG Hong
    2010, 28 (4):  383-387.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00383
    Abstract ( 3165 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (203KB) ( 747 )  
    High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to isolate and purify flavones from Murraya exotica L. The optimum separation conditions were as follows: A two-phase solvent system was petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:5:4.8:5, v/v/v/v). The lower phase as the mobile phase was operated at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, while the apparatus rotated at 800 r/min. Each time 200 mg of the sample was loaded. Under these conditions, 54.31 mg of recrystallized 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone, 107.68 mg of 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 215.54 mg of 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone, and 84.36 mg of 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone with their purities over 95% were successfully obtained from 4.0 g of the crude extract of Murraya exotica L. The four compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and identified by mass spectrometry (MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR. The compound 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone was for the first time isolated and purified from Murraya exotica L.
    Determination of five hormone drug residues in fish tissue by high performance liquid chromatography with gel permeation chromatographic clean-up
    XIE Weiping, OUYANG Yanling, HUANG Yingyu, CHEN Chunzhu
    2010, 28 (4):  388-392.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00388
    Abstract ( 2724 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (184KB) ( 593 )  
    A method was developed for the determination of five hormone residues in fish tissue by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) clean-up. The sample was extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (8:2, v/v). The extract was cleaned-up on a Pharmadex LH-20 gel permeation column (450 mm×15 mm) and eluted with methanol-ethyl acetate-acetic acid (800:200:2, v/v/v). The analysis was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile-water (45:55, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the detection wavelengths were set at 222 nm and 245 nm. All of the 5 hormone residues had good linear relationships (r>0.999) in the range of 0.05~2.5 mg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) were from 10 to 24 μg/kg. The average recoveries for all the five hormone residues were from 60.1% to 89.0%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 2.0% to 7.4%. The method is simple, rapid, and can be applied for the analysis of the five hormone residues in fish tissue.
    Determination of Monacolin K in red fermented rice by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
    ZHANG Liang, XU Yang, LI Yanping
    2010, 28 (4):  393-396.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00393
    Abstract ( 2684 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (169KB) ( 545 )  
    A method for Monacolin K determination in red fermented rice based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography has been developed. The assay conditions including pH and the concentration of running buffer, organic additive, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the separation voltage were optimized. Under the optimized conditions (20 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 10.6, containing 10%(v/v) methanol, 40 mmol/L SDS), the Monacolin K can be separated within 23 min, with the linear working range of 5.00~100.00 mg/L (r2=0.9976) and a limit of detection (S/N=3) of 0.13 mg/L. It had good recoveries (98.5%~99.5%) and the relative standard deviations lower than 3%. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, highly reproducible and can be successfully applied in the determination of Monacolin K in red fermented rice.
    Two dimensional capillary zone electrophoresis/micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the analysis of drugs and their enantiomers in urine samples
    ZHANG Xiaowei, ZHANG Zhaoxiang
    2010, 28 (4):  397-401.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00397
    Abstract ( 2671 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (199KB) ( 501 )  
    A new two dimensional method, which interfaced capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube with a hole of 30~40 μm diameter on the top, was developed for the analysis of drugs and their enantiomers. The CZE was used as the first dimensional separation, from which the eluting components were transferred and further analyzed by MEKC. Online dual concentration method, pH junction-sweeping, was used to avoid sample zone diffusion at the interface. The separation efficiencies and detection limits were (2.8~4.3)×104/m and 0.015~0.052 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method has successfully demonstrated that in the separation of four drugs and their enantiomers in urine samples, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of peak area and migration time were in the ranges of 1.7%~3.8% and 1.3%~4.6%, respectively. The method was proved to have good reproducibility, high sensitivity and resolution, large peak capacity. It is reliable and suitable to separate and determine multi-drugs and their enantiomers in urine samples simultaneously.
    Simultaneous determination of the five alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis
    LI Junsong, LIU Xunhong, CAI Baochang, ZHANG Yuechan, FU Xingsheng, YIN Di
    2010, 28 (4):  402-407.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00402
    Abstract ( 2726 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (213KB) ( 546 )  
    A method for the simultaneous determination of berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine and coptisine from Rhizoma Coptidis samples based on the nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) mode has been developed. The effects of several important factors, such as nonaqueous solvents, running buffer system and its concentration and pH, separation voltage, temperature and detection wavelength, were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The optimum conditions for the separation were as follows: the selected running buffer was a methanol solution (pH 5.8) containing 40 mmol/L sodium acetate and 40 mmol/L ammonium acetate; the separation voltage was 25 kV; detection wavelength was set at 254 nm; the sample was injected at 5 kPa×6 s and the column temperature was maintained at 20 ℃. The analytes can be obtained good baseline resolutions in a 64.5 cm×75 μm capillary (56 cm of effective length) within 20 min. The average recoveries of the established method were between 98.37% and 101.03%. The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control analysis of Rhizoma Coptidis.
    Determination of isoxanthopterin in human urine by solid phase extraction-high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with integrated pulsed amperometric detection
    FENG Lei, YAN Aiping, CHEN Lin, WAN Yiqun
    2010, 28 (4):  408-412.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00408
    Abstract ( 3318 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (189KB) ( 579 )  
    A sensitive, selective and environmental friendly method for the determination of isoxanthopterin in human urine by solid phase extraction (SPE)-high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with integrated pulsed amperometric detector has been developed. The tandem solid phase extraction was employed to purify isoxanthopterin from human urine. The separation of isoxanthopterin was carried out on an IonPac AS21 anion-exchange column with eluent of 0.025 mol/L NaOH at the flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit for isoxanthopterin was 0.003 mg/L, and the linear range was 0.005~0.200 mg/L. The spiked recoveries ranging from 95.4% to 96.8% were obtained in the urine samples from healthy persons and cancer patients, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5%. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of isoxanthopterin in urine from healthy individuals and cancer patients.
    Reviews
    Recognition mechanism of supramolecular systemsof β-cyclodextrin derivatives and applications in chiral separation
    LI Xia, ZHOU Zhiming, MENG Zihui
    2010, 28 (4):  413-421.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00413
    Abstract ( 2730 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (362KB) ( 641 )  
    β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has the cavity in which the exterior is relatively hydrophilic and the interior is relatively lipophilic and multi-hydroxyl groups on it. So β-CD can be modified by different substituent groups and form supramolecular systems with guests, and are applied to many fields. Recognition mechanism of β-CD derivatives supramolecular systems is reviewed herein. Effects of structures of host and guest, solvent, buffer pH and linkage styles of stationary phase and study methods of ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermodynamics, X-ray and molecular dynamics simulation on mechanism are expounded. The applications in chiral separation are also introduced. This might lay a foundation for studying the general law of recognition mechanism.
    Technical Notes
    Simultaneous determination of iodide and thiocyanate in powdered milk using ion chromatography with mixed-mode column
    LI Jing, WANG Yu, LIANG Lina
    2010, 28 (4):  422-425.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00422
    Abstract ( 3319 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (125KB) ( 701 )  
    The contents of iodide and thiocyanate are important detection items in powdered milk quality testing. Due to the complexity of the powdered milk matrix, chromatographic analysis is easily subjected to interference. Acclaim Mixed-Mode WAX-1 column incorporated both hydrophobic and weak anion-exchange properties was used to separate iodide and thiocyanate from interfering substances in powdered milk matrix, and detected by Ultraviolet (UV) detection. After powdered milk was dissolved in water, the protein was precipitated by acetonitrile. Then OnGuard RP pre-treatment column was used to remove the organic matters which might pollute the column. The eluent was acetonitrile-100 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6)-water (45:5:50,v/v/v). The UV detection wavelength was 226 nm. The limits of detection of iodide and thiocyanate were 4.6 μg/L and 13.8 μg/L respectively, and the relative standard deviations of peak areas were 1.2% (n=6) and 1.7%(n=6) for 0.2 mg/L iodide and thiocyanate standard solutions. The method is accurate and reliable, and has wide linear range, low limit of detection. This method provides a viable approach for powdered milk quality dairy products.
    Comparison of chiral separations of felodipine by high performance liquid chromatography using two cellulose tris(4-methyl benzoate) stationary phases
    XU Lifang, LU Yao, LI Yi, XU Xu,
    2010, 28 (4):  426-429.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2010.00426
    Abstract ( 2946 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (157KB) ( 590 )  
    Chiral resolutions of felodipine (FEL) were compared using two cellulose tris(4-methyl benzoate) stationary phases, Chiralcel OJ-R and Chiralcel OJ-H. The effects of the mobile phase and the column temperature on the retention and separation were compared. Using n-hexane/2-propanol (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase, the FEL can be enantioseparated. There are transition temperatures in the van’t Hoff plots of the two columns. In the higher temperature region the enantioseparation was enthalpy controlled, and in the lower temperature region it was entropy controlled. The higher temperature was good for the resolution of FEL enantiomers even though the selectivity was change with maximum value at 19 ℃ for OJ-R and 14 ℃ for OJ-H. The two columns showed similar mechanism in the FEL chiral separation.