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    Chinese Journal of Chromatography
    2013, Vol. 31, No. 9
    Online: 28 September 2013

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    Articles
    Separation performance of vancomycin-bonded stationary phase
    HUANG Lanqi, ZHOU Weihua, CHEN Yiwang, ZHANG Lingyi, WAN Yiqun, ZHANG Weibing
    2013, 31 (9):  821-824.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02003
    Abstract ( 1142 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (807KB) ( 353 )  

    Vancomycin is one of the macrocyclic antibiotics with complex molecular structure. Based on the various functional groups of vancomycin, a vancomycin-bonded stationary phase using glutaraldehyde as the spacer was prepared. Its chromatographic properties in reversed-phase, ion exchange and hydrophilic phase modes were investigated separately. The prepared stationary phase showed the typical characteristic of the reversed-phase stationary, when the organic solvent content was low in the mobile phase. On the contrary, its chromatographic characteristic transformed into hydrophilic phase mode with the organic solvent content increased in the mobile phase. Owing to the amino groups of vancomycin, ion exchange mode can also be applied to the separation method development. The vancomycin-bonded stationary phase was applied to the separation of eight achiral drugs and stevioside in reversed-phase, ion exchange and hydrophilic phase modes. The separations were achieved in three different kinds of separation modes by using appropriate chromatographic conditions. The results provide guidance for the design of new types of stationary phase, and method development of chromatographic stationary phases modified by special compounds with complex construction in corresponding separation modes.

    Preparation of a hydrophilic-lipophilic composite solid phase extraction material and application in food safety inspection
    BAO James Jianmin, XIE Dan, SUN Chaohui, LI Youxin, WANG Junju
    2013, 31 (9):  825-830.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.03002
    Abstract ( 1347 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (1242KB) ( 196 )  

    A copolymer of divinylbenzene and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (DVB-NVP) was synthesized for the purpose of solid phase extraction (SPE). Its performance as an SPE resin was evaluated using six model compounds having different polarities. Aqueous samples containing those compounds were applied to SPE cartridges containing the aforementioned copolymer as well as the classic C18 and Oasis HLB for comparison, and the SPE processed samples were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitation. Then, the copolymer DVB-NVP was sulfonated to modify the surface properties. The surface modified materials were used to analyse complex samples. The results showed that DVB-NVP had high recoveries for the six compounds ranging from 95.55% to 101.08% which were better than those of the C18 and were comparable to those of Oasis HLB. In applying to real samples, the recoveries for dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate in liquor were 102.55%, 102.99% and 102.11%, with the RSDs of 2.11%, 1.69%, 0.79% respectively. Similarly, the recoveries for clonidine and cyproheptadine in pork were 89.23% and 91.42% with the RSDs of 8.21% and 8.86%, respectively.

    Classification and identification of the secretome of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis pre-fractionation strategy
    LI Xianyu, ZHAO Xinyuan, YING Wantao, QIAN Xiaohong
    2013, 31 (9):  831-837.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02010
    Abstract ( 1234 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (2119KB) ( 161 )  

    Secretome (secreted proteins) has been arousing considerable attention because of its potential to develop novel biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of diseases. Like other proteome systems, a secretome generally consists of thousands of proteins with a wide dynamic range of abundance. The effective way to decrease the complexity of the analyte is to combine different prefractionation methods with orthogonal separation capabilities. The newly appeared OFFGEL fractionation system provides the ability to separate the peptides into discrete liquid fractions according to their differences in isoelectric point (pI), and has demonstrated high efficiency and repeatability for the analysis of the complex proteins. Here the OFFGEL fractionation system was evaluated for the separation of peptides digests from secreted proteins of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC), using a 12-wells device encompassing the pH range of 3-10. In combination with the online reversed phase liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, peptides from the digestion of MHCC97L secreted proteins were separated and identified. Preliminary results showed that nearly 80% of the peptides identified were specific to one fraction, and 40% of the proteins were obtained from the fractions 1-3 from the acid end. The average of peptide pI values distributed in each fraction is consistent with the theoretical pIs, and the pI distribution of the peptides focused on the low pH range showed a smaller deviation. Finally, 2995 proteins were identified from secretome of MHCC97L cell lines. Thus the data show that the OFFGEL system provides a highly valuable tool to fractionate peptides from complex protein samples.

    Analysis of flavonoids and components of stems & leaves of Ranunculus Ternatus Thunb. using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry
    CHI Yumei, LI Yao, ZHANG Yu, WANG Qinxia, CUI Xiaobing
    2013, 31 (9):  838-844.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.01009
    Abstract ( 1152 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (2228KB) ( 422 )  

    In order to explore the applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology in the rapid identification of components of Chinese herbal medicines and natural products, reference flavones were used as precursors, and the stems and leaves of medicinal plant Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. were used as the objects. Ultra performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector-electrospray ionization quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/DAD-ESI/Q-TOF MS) was also used to analyse the characteristics of flavonoid homologues and flavonoid isomers. The results showed that ultraviolet (UV) absorption and MS/MS spectra of C-glycosyl were distinct from O-glycosyl. There was also a correlation between glycosidation positions and the retention times, MS/MS fragments and their relative abundances. When applied it to analyse the alcohol extract of stems and leaves of Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. and their acid hydrolysis solution, 22 flavonol glycosides and 3 flavonoid aglycones were identified. The method is simple, convenient and exercisable.

    Rapid screening and confirming carcinogenic banned azo colorants in textiles by high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry
    YUN Huan, LIU Xin, WANG Jing, YAN Hua, CUI Fengyun, ZHANG Zhaohui
    2013, 31 (9):  845-849.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.01031
    Abstract ( 1402 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (875KB) ( 392 )  

    A method of high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS) was used to screen and confirm banned azo colorants in textiles rapidly. The analytes were reduced to carcinogenic aromatic amines with sodium dithionite in citrate buffer solution. The reduced solution was extracted by diatomite, and loaded onto an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1%(v/v) methane acid aqueous solution, and finally detected by linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in positive ESI mode. In mass spectrometry method, the MS spectrum of high-resolution and the collision induced dissociation (CID) spectrum of data-dependent scan mode were used for screening analysis and conformation, respectively. The calibration curves showed a good linearity in the range of 0.05-2.00 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients (r) were higher than 0.99. By detecting spiked samples, the limits of quantification were 0.08 mg/kg for all the residues and the recoveries were in the range of 65.5%-111.5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.87% and 2.49%. The results indicate that the method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of carcinogenic aromatic amines in textiles.

    Determination of 239 pesticide residues in soil by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    ZHU Yongzhe, FENG Yanan, KIM Jeonghan
    2013, 31 (9):  850-861.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.01046
    Abstract ( 1338 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (2145KB) ( 305 )  

    A method for the determination of 239 pesticides in soil samples by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is presented. The sample was prepared with AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) QuEChERS method for the extraction (acetonitrile, anhydrous MgSO4, CH3COONa). After filtered with a 0.2 μm membrane, the sample was separated and detected by UPLC-MS/MS performing on positive/negative electrospray ionization (ESI+/-) and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In this study, 236 of the 239 pesticides' correlation coefficients were above 0.99, which counted 99% of all the analytes. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged in 0.69-29.04 μg/kg (S/N=3). The recoveries of all the pesticides at 40 μg/kg spiked level were in the range of 50%-150%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 20%. In addition, the recoveries of 209 pesticides were in the range of 70%-120%, and RSDs of 161 pesticides were less than 10%. The method is efficient, fast, simple, and accurate. The procedure is suitable for the determination of multi pesticide residues in soil.

    Simultaneous determination of 11 quinolones in hotpot ingredients by dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    CAO Peng, MOU Yan, GAO Fei, GENG Jinpei, ZHANG Xiqing, SUI Tao, LIANG Junni, SHA Meilan, GUAN Lili
    2013, 31 (9):  862-868.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02026
    Abstract ( 1117 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (875KB) ( 283 )  

    A method for the simultaneous determination of the residues of 11 quinolones in hotpot ingredients by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile (containing 5% formic acid) and followed by stratifying with a salting-out agent. Clean-up of the extracts was processed by C18 and PSA, a modified QuEChERS procedure. The analytes were then separated on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column, and finally detected by tandem mass spectrometry in positive ESI mode. The linearity of all the 11 quinolones in the range from 1.0 to 100.0 μg/kg had correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. The limits of detection (LOD) of the method were from 1.8 to 3.1 μg/kg and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were from 6.0 to 10.3 μg/kg. The average recoveries of the 11 quinolones were in the range from 70.1% to 100.3%, with relative standard deviations from 2.42% to 10.88%. The established method is sensitive and of good recoveries. It can be applied as a rapid and reliable method for the determination of the 11 quinolones in hotpot ingredients.

    Simultaneous determination of principal components and related substances of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
    ZHAO Yanyan, LIU Liyan, HAN Yuanyuan, LI Yueqiu, WANG Yan, SHI Minjian
    2013, 31 (9):  869-874.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.03004
    Abstract ( 1222 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (830KB) ( 262 )  

    An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 18α-glycyrrhizic acid, 18β-glycyrrhizinic acid, related substances A and B and drug quality standard by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was established. The assay was carried out on a Durashell-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 10 mmol/L ammonium perchlorate (the pH value was adjusted to 8.20 with ammonia)-methanol (48:52, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The column temperature was 50 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL. Under the separation conditions, the calibration curves of the analytes showed good linearities within the mass concentrations of 0.50-100 mg/L (r>0.9999). The detection limits for 18α-glycyrrhizic acid, 18β-glycyrrhizinic acid, related substances A and B were 0.15, 0.10, 0.10, 0.15 mg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were between 97.32% and 99.33% (n=3) with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.05% and 1.06%. The method is sensitive, reproducible, and the results are accurate and reliable. The method can be used for the determination of principal components and related substances of ammonium glycyrrhizinate for the quality control of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate.

    Determination of dicyandiamide in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography
    CHEN Xiaozhen, CHEN Wanqin, WANG Jin, HUANG Liying, ZHANG Donglei
    2013, 31 (9):  875-877.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.03014
    Abstract ( 1741 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (773KB) ( 421 )  

    A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of dicyandiamide in dairy products was developed. The sample was extracted by acetonitrile, separated on an XBridge Amide column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) using acetonitrile-water (90/10, v/v) containing 0.2%(v/v) formic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and determined by a photodiode array detector at the wavelength of 218 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-50 mg/L with the correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999. The recoveries were from 96.7% to 101.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the range of 4.5% to 4.9%(n=6). The limit of detection was 0.2 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 0.5 mg/kg. The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and precise for the determination of dicyandiamide in dairy products.

    Determination of polychlorinated naphthalenes in environmental samples by isotope dilution gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
    LIU Zhitong, ZHANG Bing, WANG Wenwen, LIU Guorui, GAO Lirong, ZHENG Minghui
    2013, 31 (9):  878-884.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02012
    Abstract ( 1382 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (835KB) ( 372 )  

    An isotope dilution gas chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was established for the analysis of twenty polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) congeners in environmental samples. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) of calibration curves were greater than 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.5-200 μg/L for all the twenty PCN congeners. The average relative response factors (RRF) were calculated based on a seven-point calibration for the twenty PCN congeners. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all the congeners were below 15% (n=7). The limits of detection (LOD) of the established method ranged from 0.04 to 0.48 μg/L for the twenty PCN congeners. The recoveries of matrix spiked samples ranged from 45.2% to 87.9%, and the RSDs ranged from 0.4% to 21.2%. The sediment samples and stack gas samples collected from secondary aluminum smelting were analyzed by the established method. The obtained results were also compared with the data analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) method. The comparison indicated that the data of the established method was in good agreement with those of HRGC/HRMS method with the RSDs of 0.5%-41.4%. Consequently, the established GC-MS/MS method can be applied to the determination of PCNs in environmental samples.

    Determination of 193 pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    CUI Shuhua, CHEN Weishuang, QIAN Jialiang, DUAN Hao, LIU Tongying, ZHANG Lidong
    2013, 31 (9):  885-893.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02020
    Abstract ( 1217 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (898KB) ( 358 )  

    On the basis of optimization of solid phase extraction adsorbent, eluting solvent types and amounts, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of 193 pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. The analytes were extracted from the samples using acetonitrile. The extract was cleaned-up with a C18/PSA solid-phase extractor, eluted by acetonitrile and analyzed by GC-MS under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode using triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as internal standard. The linear range was from 10 to 1000 μg/L for 130 pesticides, from 20 to 1000 μg/L for 34 pesticides, from 50 to 1000 μg/L for 26 pesticides, from 100 to 1000 μg/L for the other 3 pesticides with the good correlation coefficients (r≥0.9967). The limits of detection were 0.04-8.26 μg/kg. The mean recoveries of the pesticides were 71.6%-117.9%. The relative standard deviations were 3.0%-11.8%. This method is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific. It is appropriate for the simultaneous identification and quantification of the multi-residues in fruits and vegetables.

    Technical Notes
    On-line solid phase extraction for desalting coupled with mass spectrometric analysis
    CHEN Jing, LIU Zhaojin, DAI Zhenyu, AN Baochao, XU Qun, ZHANG Xiangmin
    2013, 31 (9):  894-897.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.01051
    Abstract ( 1326 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (1182KB) ( 339 )  

    The work shown here describes a simple, fast and effective on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) method for facilitative high-throughput sample desalting before the detection of mass spectrometry(MS)or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). This method includes single SPE column mode and dual SPE column mode. It accomplishes the on-line desalting with an Ultimate 3000 HPLC system equipped with a dual pump system (loading pump/analytical pump), an autosampler, a column oven equipped with a 2p-10p valve, controlled by a chromatography data system. In the single SPE column mode, sample loading and desalting were performed on the SPE column using the loading pump. The analytes were retained on the SPE column, and the salt in the sample solution was flushed out of the SPE column. After desalting, the retained analytes were eluted from the SPE column with the analytical pump. In the dual SPE column mode, two same SPE columns were used. Firstly, the sample loading and desalting were performed on the SPE column 1. The analytes were retained and the salt was flushed out. After desalting on the SPE column 1, the sample loading and desalting were performed on the SPE column 2. Meanwhile, the retained analytes were eluted from the SPE column 1 with the analytical pump. As both of the processes on the SPE columns 1 and 2 described above completed, the sample loading and desalting on the SPE column 1, and the elution of the analytes from the SPE column 2 started again. As the SPE columns 1 and 2 worked in turn, the on-line SPE desalting system was efficient. The eluted analytes from the SPE columns may be determined by MS directly, or separated on the analytical column and then determined by MS/UV.

    Simultaneous determination of ephedrine and N-methylephedrine in urine by solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
    ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Fucheng, WANG Zhaohong, JIANG Ye, XU Meng, LI Hong
    2013, 31 (9):  898-902.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02028
    Abstract ( 1200 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (1160KB) ( 297 )  

    A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine and N-methylephedrine in urine samples by solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-ESI MS/MS). The samples were extracted with Oasis MCX solid phase extraction cartridges and measured in the modes of electrospray positive ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Good linearities were observed in the range of 0.0250-2.50 μg/L with correlation coefficient over 0.9990 for both analytes. The recoveries were above 80% with RSDs less than 5.0%. The limits of detection were 0.01 μg/L. The method proves to be rapid and sensitive for the trace determination of ephedrine and N-methylephedrine in urine samples.

    Determination of chlorpyrifos’ main metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in human urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
    WANG Na, SUN Juan, SHI Lili, JI Guixiang, CHEN Guosong
    2013, 31 (9):  903-907.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02034
    Abstract ( 1273 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (837KB) ( 348 )  

    A method for the determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3,5,6-TCP) in human urine, which is the main metabolite of chlorpyrifos, has been established employing ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The urine samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane-ethyl acetate (20:80, v/v) solution followed by the separation with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-water on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column. The analyte was detected by tandem mass spectrometry under the negative ion mode with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and the selective ion recording (SIR) mode. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.005-0.4 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.41 μg/L. The average recovery was 97.9%. The intra-and inter-day precisions calculated with RSDs were all within 15% at each quality control (QC) level. The developed method is simple, sensitive, accurate and repeatable, which has been successfully applied to determine the exposure level of 3,5,6-TCP in the real samples of human urine. The results show that this method is supportive for the exposure assessment in human health risk analysis and monitoring the biological burden of chlorpyrifos.

    Determination of environmental estrogens in cow feed and soil by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    LI Xue, MU Guangqing, CHEN Lijun, JIANG Tiemin
    2013, 31 (9):  908-913.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.02033
    Abstract ( 954 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (1171KB) ( 231 )  

    An analytical method was developed for the determination of the residues of five environmental estrogens, including estriol, estradiol, estrone, bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol, in the cow feed and soil by solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The important parameters which affect the determination efficiency such as the mobile phase, the condition of mass spectrometry and solid phase extraction column were optimized. The optimal determination conditions were as follows: the sample was extracted with acetonitrile at first, then cleaned-up with an NH2-SPE column, and an Acquity UPLCTM HSS T3 column was selected to separate the analytes. Acetonitrile-methanol (4:1, v/v) and 0.01% ammonia aqueous solution were used as the mobile phase by gradient elution in the negative mode. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) were 0.06-0.22 μg/kg. The overall recoveries varied from 81.70% to 102.20%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 10.00%. This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the determination of environmental estrogens in cow feed and soil.

    Determination of congo red in beef by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
    LIN Hui, XU Chunxiang, YAN Chunrong, ZHANG Zheng, WANG Suilou
    2013, 31 (9):  914-919.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.03043
    Abstract ( 1422 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (839KB) ( 313 )  

    A method was developed for the determination of congo red in beef. The analyte was identified by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) and quantitatively determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. After purified by liquid-liquid extraction, the congo red in the beef sample was separated on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 Rapid Resolution HD UPLC column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) HPLC, using 95% (volume percentage) methanol as the mobile phase at 0.2 mL/min. The detection was performed on an AB 4000+ triple quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operated in negative ion mode and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The results showed that the linear range of congo red mass concentration was 0.03-1 mg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The method had a good precision with the RSDs lower than 5% and the recoveries ranging from 88% to 91%. The limit of detection (LOD) of congo red was 0.01 mg/L. With good reproducibility, the method is simple, fast and effective for the determination of the illegally added congo red in beef and other meat products.

    Determination of hydrazine ion in explosion dust of liquid explosive by ion chromatography
    WANG Yong, GENG Qing, ZUO Yuexian, ZHOU Xinwen, LIAN Hongzhen, PAN Guangwen
    2013, 31 (9):  920-923.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2013.04025
    Abstract ( 967 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF (794KB) ( 171 )  

    A method for the determination of hydrazine ion in explosion dust of liquid explosive has been established by ion chromatography. The hydrazine ion in an explosion dust sample was extracted with deionized water by sonification and centrifugation. The large molecules and solid particles in supernatant were removed by an OnGuardⅡ RP column and a 0.22 μm filtration membrane, respectively. The filtrate was separated on an IonPac CS-12A column with isocratic elution of 5 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Then 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution was post-column added and the resultant solution was detected by an ampere detector with golden electrode. The results showed that, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.02-2.0 mg/L with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9997. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) and quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) of hydrazine were 5.0 μg/L and 16.6 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries ranged between 95.4% and 99.1% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=5) of 2.1%-3.3%. The hydrazine content in a real explosion dust sample of liquid explosive was 10.3 mg/kg by this method. The method is simple, accurate, and suitable for the quantitative detection of hydrazine ions in explosion dust of liquid explosive, and the method can meet the needs of the criminal evidence identification work.